What Is Trisodium Phosphate Used For
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| Names | |||
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| IUPAC proper noun Trisodium phosphate | |||
| Other names Sodium phosphate tribasic, trisodium orthophosphate, sodium phosphate | |||
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.028.645 | ||
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| E number | E339(iii) (antioxidants, ...) | ||
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| Properties | |||
| Chemical formula | Na3PO4 | ||
| Molar mass | 163.939 g·mol−i | ||
| Density | 2.536 yard/cm3 (17.five °C, anhydrous) i.62 g/cm3 (20 °C, dodecahydrate)[two] [3] [iv] | ||
| Melting signal | 1,583 °C (two,881 °F; ane,856 K) (anhydrous)[3] 73.four °C (164.one °F; 346.5 K) (dodecahydrate)[4] | ||
| Boiling point | 100 °C (212 °F; 373 Thou) (dodecahydrate) decomposes[iv] | ||
| Solubility in water | anhydrous:[iii] five.four thou/100 mL (0 °C) 12 m/100 mL (20 °C)[5] 14.5 thousand/100 mL (25 °C) 23.3 yard/100 mL (xl °C) 94.6 k/100 mL (100 °C) dodecahydrate:[4] 28.iii g/100 mL (20 °C) | ||
| Solubility | insoluble in ethanol, CSii [4] | ||
| Basicity (pK b) | 2.23 | ||
| Structure | |||
| Crystal structure | Trigonal | ||
| Thermochemistry | |||
| Heat chapters (C) | 665 J/mol·K (dodecahydrate)[4] | ||
| Std tooth | 224.seven J/mol·Thousand (anhydrous)[iii] 660 J/mol·Yard (dodecahydrate)[4] | ||
| Std enthalpy of | -1935.five kJ/mol (anhydrous)[three] -5480 kJ/mol (dodecahydrate)[4] | ||
| Gibbs complimentary energy (Δf Thousand˚) | -1819 kJ/mol (anhydrous)[iii] | ||
| Pharmacology | |||
| ATC code | A06AD17 (WHO) A06AG01 (WHO) B05XA09 (WHO) | ||
| Hazards[six] | |||
| GHS labelling: | |||
| Pictograms |   | ||
| Point discussion | Danger | ||
| Take chances statements | H315, H318, H335 | ||
| Precautionary statements | P261, P280, P305+P351+P338 | ||
| NFPA 704 (burn down diamond) | 2 0 1 | ||
| Flash signal | Non-flammable | ||
| Safe data sheet (SDS) | ICSC 1178 | ||
| Related compounds | |||
| Other cations | Tripotassium phosphate Triammonium phosphate Trimagnesium phosphate | ||
| Related compounds | Monosodium phosphate Disodium phosphate | ||
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |||
 Northwardverify (what is  Y  North ?) | |||
| Infobox references | |||
Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula Na3POfour . It is a white, granular or crystalline solid, highly soluble in water, producing an alkali metal solution. TSP is used equally a cleaning agent, builder, lubricant, food additive, stain remover, and degreaser.[7]
The item of commerce is often partially hydrated and may range from anhydrous Na3PO4 to the dodecahydrate NaiiiPOiv · 12 H2O. Most often establish in white powder class, it can too be called trisodium orthophosphate or simply sodium phosphate.
Production [edit]
Trisodium phosphate is produced past neutralization of phosphoric acid using sodium carbonate, which produces disodium hydrogen phosphate. The disodium hydrogen phosphate is reacted with sodium hydroxide to form trisodium phosphate and water.
- Na2CO3 + H3PO4 → Na2HPO4 + CO2 + HtwoO
- Na2HPO4 + NaOH → NathreePO4 + H2O
Uses [edit]
Cleaning [edit]
Trisodium phosphate was at one time extensively used in formulations for a variety of consumer-form soaps and detergents, and the most mutual use for trisodium phosphate has been in cleaning agents. The pH of a 1% solution is 12 (i.e., very basic), and the solution is sufficiently alkaline to saponify grease and oils. In combination with surfactants, TSP is an fantabulous amanuensis for cleaning everything from laundry to concrete driveways. This versatility and low manufacturing price fabricated TSP the basis for a plethora of cleaning products sold in the mid-20th century.
TSP is still sold and used as a cleaning agent, just since the late 1960s, its utilize has diminished in the U.s.a. and many other parts of the world considering, like many phosphate-based cleaners, information technology is known to crusade extensive eutrophication of lakes and rivers in one case it enters a water system.[8]
TSP is commonly used afterwards cleaning a surface with mineral spirits to remove hydrocarbon residues and may exist used with household chlorine bleach in the aforementioned solution without hazardous reactions.[ citation needed ] This mixture is especially effective for removing mildew, but is less effective at removing mold.[ citation needed ]
Although it is even so the agile ingredient in some toilet bowl-cleaning tablets, TSP is generally not recommended for cleaning bathrooms considering it can stain metal fixtures and can damage grout.[9]
Chlorination [edit]
With the formula Na3PO4 · i / four NaOCl · 11 H2O the material called chlorinated trisodium phosphate is used as a disinfectant and bleach, like sodium hypochlorite. It is prepared using NaOCl in identify of some of the base to neutralize phosphoric acid.[7]
Flux [edit]
In the U.S., trisodium phosphate is an approved flux for use in hard soldering joints in medical-course copper plumbing. The flux is practical every bit a concentrated h2o solution and dissolves copper oxides at the temperature used in copper brazing. Residues are h2o-soluble and can be rinsed out earlier plumbing is put into service.
TSP is used every bit an ingredient in fluxes designed to deoxygenate nonferrous metals for casting. It tin can exist used in ceramic production to lower the period point of glazes.
Painting enhancement [edit]
TSP is still in common utilize for the cleaning, degreasing, and deglossing of walls prior to painting. TSP breaks the gloss of oil-based paints and opens the pores of latex-based paint, providing a surface ameliorate suited for the adhesion of the subsequent layer.[10] [ unreliable source? ]
Nutrient additive [edit]
Sodium phosphates including monosodium phosphate, disodium phosphate, and trisodium phosphate are approved every bit food additives in the EU. They are commonly used equally acerbity regulators and have the collective E number E339.[11] The United States Food and Drug Administration lists sodium phosphates as generally recognized every bit prophylactic.[12] [xiii]
Exercise functioning enhancement [edit]
Trisodium phosphate has gained a post-obit as a nutritional supplement that can ameliorate certain parameters of exercise functioning.[14] The basis of this belief is the fact that phosphate is required for the energy-producing Krebs bicycle key to aerobic metabolism. Phosphates are available from a number of other sources that are much milder than TSP. While TSP is not toxic per se, it is severely irritating to gastric mucosa unless used as part of a buffered solution.
Regulation [edit]
In the Western world, phosphate usage has declined attributable to ecological bug with the damage to lakes and rivers through eutrophication.
Substitutes [edit]
By the end of the 20th century, many products that formerly contained TSP were manufactured with TSP substitutes, which consist mainly of sodium carbonate along with various admixtures of nonionic surfactants and a limited percentage of sodium phosphates.
Products sold as TSP substitutes, containing soda ash and zeolites, are promoted as straight substitutes. Nonetheless, sodium carbonate is not as strongly basic as trisodium phosphate, making it less effective in demanding applications.[ citation needed ] Zeolites, which are clay based, are added to laundry detergents as water softening agents and are essentially non-polluting; all the same, zeolites practice not dissolve and tin deposit a fine, powdery residue in the wash tub.[ citation needed ] Cleaning products labeled as TSP may contain other ingredients, with perhaps less than 50% trisodium phosphate.[15]
References [edit]
- ^ Merck Index, 12th Edition, 8808.
- ^ Eagleson, Mary, ed. (1994). Curtailed Encyclopedia Chemical science . Walter de Gruyter. p. 1000. ISBN978-3-xi-011451-5 . Retrieved 25 May 2014.
- ^ a b c d due east f "Sodium phosphate".
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Sodium phosphate dodecahydrate".
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on xiv March 2016. Retrieved 25 May 2014.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy every bit title (link) - ^ Sigma-Aldrich Co., Sodium phosphate. Retrieved on 2014-05-25.
- ^ a b Klaus Schrödter, Gerhard Bettermann, Thomas Staffel, Friedrich Wahl, Thomas Klein, Thomas Hofmann "Phosphoric Acid and Phosphates" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemical science 2008, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a19_465.pub3
- ^ Dishes Yet Dirty? Arraign Phosphate-Free Detergent, National Public Radio, 15 December 2010
- ^ "TSP ... Cleaning for the Big Dogs". Home Repair and Practise It Yourself Tips and Articles from the Natural Handyman. Natural Handyman.
- ^ Alonzy, Jerry. "Painting Preparation Q&A".
- ^ Electric current European union canonical additives and their Due east Numbers, Nutrient Standards Agency, 26 November 2010
- ^ 21CFR182.1778, Code of Federal Regulations
- ^ 21CFR182.1778, Electronic Lawmaking of Federal Regulations
- ^ Folland JP, et al. (2008). "Sodium phosphate loading improves laboratory cycling time-trial performance in trained cyclists". Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 11 (five): 464–468. doi:x.1016/j.jsams.2007.04.004. PMID 17569583.
- ^ MSDS Archived 26 September 2010 at the Wayback Auto for Dap TSP cleaner
External links [edit]
- Safety data from IPCS INCHEM
- International Chemical Prophylactic Menu 1178
What Is Trisodium Phosphate Used For,
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trisodium_phosphate#:~:text=Trisodium%20phosphate%20(TSP)%20is%20the,%2C%20stain%20remover%2C%20and%20degreaser.
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